
Robot Foundation Models in the factory: Pi-Zero, OpenVLA, GR00T N1.5 — the end of teach-pendant programming
For 50 years an industrial robot learned a single task through teach-pendant trajectory programming. In 2024–2026 three open foundation models for robotic manipulation arrived — Pi-Zero from Physical Intelligence, OpenVLA from Stanford and GR00T N1.5 from NVIDIA — promising to end that era. The operator shows the robot what to do in VR/AR through 5–10 demonstrations, and a generic model translates that into a real-time trajectory. This article walks through how it actually works today, where it is enough, where it is not, and the real implications for MES integrators across the EU.
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